Drill chip breaker



July 11,1950v E. HALLDEN l2,514,758

DRILL CHIP BREAKER 2-Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 15. 1947 up-Lf...

y E. HALLDEN DRILL CHIP BREAKER Julyn, 195o 2 shetsfsneet 2 'Fiid May 15, y194,7

1N V EN TOR. Erik Hallden HL. l

. Patented July 11, 1950l DRILL CHIP BREAKER tion of Michigan Hallden, Detroit, Mich., assgnor to Ex- Cell-0 Corporation, Detroit,`Mich., a'corporaiAppiieationMay 15, 1947, serialNe; Mates inventionrelates to` dri-11 chip breakers gcnerally'- and I rrore particularly to an improved gchi'p breaker of theftype adapted to `be incorpo- ,.ratedilitherotary drive for? a drill and operative '.fto alternately exert ,aBSJXal `thrust on the drill ,fand torrelievejitjduring its'rotation for `the purposeoiseyeringpreviouslyiormed chip curls. Onefobject of theinventionis to provide a drill chip breaker characterized by the simplicity of n. its construction, its small size, and bythe small number of parts subject to wear.

' Anetherebjectis te provide a drin chip breaker l' "lfravir-ig`. ver y 'loW` internal` frictional resistance `,wherebyheatingv of the breaker'is reduced Sullic'iently to eliminatetheneed for the elaborate heat dissipating construction heretofore required. .yA furtherk object is to provide a -drillchip breakerhaving antifriction bearingmeans adaptedto absorb the axial .thrust imposed on thetool andoperative automatically to alternately project Othe bjeots and dvantages lof the invention will becorneapparent from the following, detailed .description of the preferred embodiment illustrated in the. accompanying drawings, in Which:

f ligurel is a side view of a drill chip breaker embdyingthe, features of theinvention.

Fig.. 2 i`s a top viewof the chip breaker. Fig. 3` is .a longitudinal sectional view of the l-chip breaker takenin a ,horizontal plane sub- 'y stantially911 1911.6 une 3 3 of Fig' 2' f adlrelievethe'itool supporting member as an inv; "cidentftoitsrotation. ,A

icl-aims. rcrnfsa) to limit the invention tothe specic form disclosed, but intend to cover all modicationsand alternative constructions falling Withinthe spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

. Referring more particularly to the drawings, the drill chip breaker selected to illustrate the invention comprises a casing I havinga hollow cylindrical body section II with an inturned annular iiange I2 at one end. A ilanged cover section I3 is removably secured to the otherend of thebody section, as by screws I4. Extending through a central opening I5- in thecover section I3 is a rotary .driving member I6 adapted to be connected with and supported from a. spindle or, quill I1 of the transmission head of a machine tool.. The driving membery `,I6 lis maintained in assembled. relation with the casing I0 by a,cir` Hc umferential ange I8 4 engaging in anannular recess I9 formed inthe inner face of the cover member I3. AnA arm rigid with and projecting radially. from the Vcasing I0 is adapted to engage a stationary `abutment (not shown) to hold thecasing stationary when the driving member Extending through the opening defined by the iiange I2 of the casing.` lil` is a .drivenmember v2|, adapted to support a rotary cutting tool', such as a d rill 22 in axialA relation.`- The outer or prolFig.'` Llfi's a transverse sectional view of the chip brealfzer'taken''in'av horizontal plane substantially f 35.`

f on the lines- 4 of Fig, 3.

a transverse sectional view of the stantially on the line 5-7-5 of Fig. 3.

i Fig. @is a diagrammatic view showing the. positionsof the bearing elements relative to the jecting lendoi the member may. be .of .any preferred construction depending` upon the manner `in which the tool 22. isto vbe supported., As hereinshown, the member 2| .isiOrnrged' lwith a tapered socket 2 3 for` receiving, the complementally tapered shank oiV the tool. A. transverse slot 24 at the base of the socket is provided for the vreception of a diametrical tangl formed on the endof the tool shank, whereby the tool is non-rotatably anchored te the member 2|. The

bearing track in the relieved position Vof the y Fig. is asectiona l lView taken in intersecting planes as indicated by the lines '1 -'I of Fig. 6.

' i' planes as indicated by the lines 9,-"-9 of Fig. 8.

` While the invention is susceptible of various `modications and alternative constructions, I

have shown in the drawings and will herein describe in detail the preferred embodiment, but it yis'to be understood that; donot thereby intend driven memberzl isretained in assembled rela- .tion with the vcasing I0 by a circumferential flange 26y formed thereonA and adapted to seat against theinner 'face of `the `flange I2. The driving and driven members. I 6 and 2| are alined axially and are interconnected withf in the vcasing I0 for rotation as a unit and for relative axial movement. To this'end one of the members, in this instance the driving .member I6,

is formes with a ldiarrretrieai tang 30, herein vshown as a generally cylindrical axial extension which is flattened at opposite sides.` The, ad-

` jacent" end of thencompanion or driven mem ber' 2.I is formed With an axial recess A3| complemental in `cross section to the tang and adaptedtoreceive the latter with a sliding iit..

In accordance with the invention, antfrlction bearing means is provided within the casing I for transmitting the axial thrust of the driving member I6 to the casing and from the casing to the driven member 2|, and operative automatically as an incident to the rotation of the membersto .alternately projectr the drivenmember axiallyrawav from the; driving member; and then relieve the driven member to permit it to return to its initial position. Mo-re particularly, the arrangement of the bearing means is such that as the tool is fed to the wor-k bye-akuniform feeding movement ...of thespindle |l,,the

bearing means is effective duringgfapportionof each revolution of the tool to exert an outward thrust on the driven member ZLcausing thetool y,

to advance at a slightlyfasterratethanithe feeding rate of the spindle. In thefisucceeding portion yof the revolution, the outward thrust on v..1zlie...drivenmember 2| islrelieved .tapermit a ance .cf. thetoolsuiciently to. severI the vchip curlslor'med by they .tool during. thepreceding portion of its revolution.

.Inthe presentembodiment ofthe invention, .A the bearingffrneans4 comprises an.annular;bear Aing .plate 35 disposed. betweenthe anges i8 .,eneircling the upperl end n.of the drivenmernber. AThe=]0eaiir1g ...plate is,.-.nonrotatably secured in (mittedto. thebearingrlate .3.5V .th,r.0usl1,al series f.`, bearing elements, herein .shown as.r balls 31 -.to .hold four ball elements uniformly spacedapart .cirpumvferentially ofthe race toeivn'sure-a `bal'l anced. thrust on the kdriven .member .at @all times.

.1o..provide the. intermittent thrust; and .relief for-enabling the drill ,tobreak the chip,.,curls fformedin itsaction on-the work, the plate 35 an-undulating-surface for the travel of the ball relements ofthebearing unit.-v Asfhereinshown, f the,.bearing.. .track 4 5. comprises `a `continuous shallow.groovearcua-te in..cross .section 4and. de-

.,axi's :offgthecage 42. Due .to the-.ellipticshape pfvthetrack the. ball-elements ortherunit 4| alternately ride up.,and l.down the .Sdescfz, the groove as.. thelcage. ,42. is .rot.at.ed..relativel Ato the .plate 35.

..uniformlv over both. sides ,of the ,track groove 45, ,..-theba1l,.,e1ements 0L the bearing 4| Qnopposite traversepaths voidifferent.diameters., ZIjhus, the

f..4 ...,A..an d the ...balll elements y48 forming.. thepther ...opposed pair, are,..spaced l.apartgsro asf.to.,.trwerse a circular path B of smaller diameter than the momentary.. dwell ,or .to reduce therate.ofv adf "and.,.2| of theadrivingand driven .memb.ers and tlrie..casing'in any.`suitable .manner, vas by screws 3&passing thrcughthe vcover section |3,.:The L. .axial fthrustpi the. drivingv `member |G istrans- "i retained `in...a .fsuitablepage .38, .and adapted to coact With,..complementa1 annular bearingraces andlllformed.. respectively on the lowerlface embodiment.-.illustrate the .cage 42 l is. arranged lsformed}-with.a bearing-track 45.presenting ningan... ellipse symmetrical withV the ,rotational vllI.1;.- o,rder to insurega,balanced-:thrust,on=` the u driven :member A2| and 1to... listribute..thesvvear.

' Sidesof. the axis rofythebearing. areAV arranged to balLelements 4'|;,f,orrning.oneyopposed.pairv are path A, as shown in Figs. 6 and 8. To properly relate the track 45 with respect to the paths of the ball elements, the track is formed with a major axis a: corresponding in length to the diy, ameter of the larger path A and with a minor axis y corresponding in length to the diameter of thesmaller. path B.

By 4reason Lof the-r. pnrtilllarrelationship of the track 45 to the paths A and B of the ball .fm elements, as above described, all four ball elements will be positioned so as to rest in the bot- =tom-fcf the track groove when the bearing plate 35.A and.. the.A bearing cage 42 are positioned so .-...;that the; balls..4'| are alined on the major axis a: oythegtrakgand the ball elements 48 on the minor axisy thereof, as shown in Figs. 6 and '1. YAs thecagef42=-is rotated relative to the plate 35, af-...thea ball elements 41 ride up the outer side of the track groove, lavhile the ball elements 48 .29.ride up. the inner.. side .or thesroove andl reach the. .upper edgethereoiwhen the .cage hasturned through ,angangle eminem degrees .to theY position .shovvnin Fi'gs. ;8,yand thelrlmove- .fmentsbetvveien theabova two positions.. the;v ball 25.. elements a1e. e1ec.tive ,tagproiect the. driven element 2| axiallyfl outward .from.. tliedr.iving v element ..I.6..and..thus..increase the,. fe.e.d l.imparted by.v the,..spindle .1H by anamount-.equal .tol the .Ldepth of. the track groove 45.

In the succeeding. ninetydegrees' .of.rotation ci tl'l,e cage l|2` relative vto thepbeavr ingz plate, the ball..elements 4.1. Vaiidjeride. down the.4 sides of ilhetrack. grooveuntil the-spartsagain.: reach the pcsitions, slrovvnmirr--lligsU d and` with.. the ball als elementsfrestnsintnebbttcmzotthegrooves In 'such movementthe tool 1l s relieved,' .either interrapting its. .advance-. completely .orreducins it substantially., depedingllpon thefedrrate o1' '.Lthefspindle :LL and,V thelrotatlveaspeed por the 40.- same. .Ineitheracasa thelchange vin, the rate ,Since thebearingcage 42 .-is rotatedas aresult `45 .of therolling Vpi the.,ball,elements 41 vand 48 .f .around their.A respective, paths,` it, will`I be.: evident that thepcage.turns'throughahalrevcluticn for eachullmevolution cf,... the 4 driven:- meniber 2 I A5 explained.abovageachghalf revolution-Tof the 5o..,cagais effectiveto projectfandl relieve the tool as the ball elements .M Qandj ftravel.fromv thebot- ...tomv to` the7- tcp .,edgepf. the. track groove .and then back to ,the .bcttoznct the..groove.,.,. Accordingly, the tool Will be projectedaand relieved :once in 55, eachull revolution, thus.eiectuallyt` preventing l; f...theiormationpt long ,chip curls .Whichfmight interfere with. theg-ellcient operation. ofthedrill.

.Toreducewearlonthe,bearing elmentsrd and 5,; 4.8 anden the;..parts .,.Withvvhich l:|,hey,..coac.t, the 5.9. elementsare graduated. size .accordingtotheir distance from the rotational axis of thecage 42. the.. exemplary-.embodiment the outer i. bearing elementst arefsubstantialy greater in f. .diameter .than .the `Iinnerbea ring elementsz48, the fr .diameters .being suchfthatveach of. :the :elements travels over its.. cooperating bearingusurfaces with a true ro11ing..action.f..-'I `d compensate for the dif- ....afierent,diameters ofthe. twofelements, the inner s face of thenangeffis formedwith a. ,stepped- Sur- Q;.face.providing..one .annulalflbearing .race :49 for the.. ballr elements 0V41,-. and assecond-bearing,.race msllacednnwardly. .thereirdrnf fonthe ball. elements 48.

,.Itwillbe apparentifrom.theroregoing.that the invention provides a drill chip breaker of novel and advantageous construction. The novel bearing arrangement-provided in the chip breaker vreduces internal friction to a minimum, while operating automatically toyxalternately project j: and relieve the tool so as to break the chip curls formed thereby. The use ofball elements materially reduces wear on the parts of the tool and the novel arrangement and relationship of the elements effectually` insures against excessive N wear of the elements themselves. y1 the improved chip breaker is very simple in construction and small in size, yet efficient and re-v liable in operation. f-

In general,

I claimas my invention: 1. A drill chip breaker comprising, in coml bination, a casing, driving and driven members disposed coaxially in said casing and projecting at opposite ends thereof, said driven member being operativel to support a drill in axially projecting relation thereto, cooperating means on o said members connecting them for rotation as a unit and permitting relative axial movement each pair on diametrically opposite sides of said driven member with` the `ball elements of one pair located midway between the ball elements of the other pair and traversing a circular path i of greater diameter than the path traversed by the ball elements of said other pair in the rota- L tion of saidretainer, a shallow groove inthe face of said plate engaged by 'fsaid ball elements and forming an elliptic track for the elements symmetric with the rotational axis of the driven member, said track having a major axis correspending to the diameter of the path traversed 'by'rsaid' one pair of Vball elements and -a minor axis corresponding to the diameter of the path traversed by the other pair of ball elements whereby said ball elements are adapted to move alternately from the bottom of the groove to the edge thereof and back again as said retainer rotates.

2. A drill chip breaker comprising, in combination, a casing, driving and driven members disposed coaxially in said casing and projecting at opposite ends thereof, said driven member being operative to support a drill in axially projecting relation thereto, cooperating means on said members connecting them for rotation as a unit and permitting relative axial movement therebetween, means on said members forming opposed axially facing bearing surfaces, an annular bearing plate `supported in said casing and extending` between said bearing surfaces, antifriction bearings interposed between the bearing surface of said driving member and the adjacent face of said plate, two pairs of ball elements interposed between the bearing surface of. said driven member and the adjacent face of said plate, a cage adapted to holdthe ball elements of each pair on diametyrically opposite sides of said driven member with the ball elements of one pair located midway between the ball elements of the other pair and traversing a circular path of greater diameter than the path traversed by the ball elements of said other pair in the rotation of said retainer, a

l shallow groove in the face of `said plate engaged by said ball elements and forming i an elliptic track for the elements symmetric with the rotational -axis of the driven member, said trackhaving its major and mino-r `axes dimensioned so that said ball elements move upwardly from the bottom of the groove to the edges thereof and then back to the bottom of the groove in the rotation of the retainer through a half revolution, said ball elements acting in such movement toproject the driven member axially away from the driving member and then permit retraction of the driven member to its initial position.

3. A drill chip breaker comprising, in combination, a easing, driving and driven members disposed coaxially in said casing and projecting at opposite ends thereof, said driven member being operative to support a drill in axially projecting relation thereto, cooperating means on said members connecting them for rotation as a unit and permitting relative axial movement therebetween, means on said members forming opposed axially facing bearing surfaces, an annular bearing plate supported in said casing and extending between said bearing surfaces, antifriction bearings interposed between the bearing surface of said driving member and the adjacent i face of said plate, two pairs of ball elements interposed between the bearing surface of said driven member and the adjacent face of said plate, a cage adapted to hold the ball elements of each pair on diametrically opposite sides of said driven member with the ball elements of one pair located midway between the ball elements of the other pair and traversing a circular path of greater diameter than the path traversed by the ball elements of said other pair in the rotation of said retainer, a shallow groove in the face of `said plate engaged by said ball elements and forming an elliptic track for the elements symmetric with the rotational axis of the driven member, said` track having its major and minor axes dimensioned so that said ball elements rest in the bottom of said groove in one position of the re- .tainer and ride up opposite sides of the groove to the edge thereof as the retainer is rotated through an angle of ninety degrees relative to said bearing plate whereby the driven member is projected axially away from the driving member.

4. A drill chip breaker comprising, in combination, a casing having openings in opposite ends, a driving member rotatably supported in the casing and projecting through the opening in one end thereof, a driven member rotatably supported in the casing and projecting through the opening in the other end thereof, said driving and driven members being axially alined and having cooperating elements connecting them for rotation as a unit while permitting relative axial movement therebetween, a bearing member fixed in said casing and having in one face a shallow groove forming a continuous elliptic bearing race, said bearing member being disposed in said casing with said groove facing said other end of the same and with the axis of the groove symmetrical with the rotational axis of said driven member, a circumferential ilange on said driven member defining an annular bearing race spaced from andopposed to the grooved face of said bearing member, a series of ball elements interposed between said ange and said bearing member, and a cage operative to hold said ball elements in predetermined spaced relation to the axis of said driven member whereby in the rotation of the lieve said thrustwhereby to permit yinward axial V`movement of the drivenmember. v

-' l5. A drill chip breaker comprising, in combination, a casing having openings in opposite ends,

' va rdriving member rotatably supported in and projecting from the opening at one end of the casing,ra driven member for axially supporting a -drill rotatably supported in and projecting from -f'theopening at the other end of the casing, said members being connected for rotation as a unit andforf relativeaxial movement, a circumferenialfange on said driven member dening an in- Ward-ly facingbearing surface, a bearing. member between-said member and said bearing surface, `*said ball elements being arranged with the respective elements of' each pair diam'etrically dis- IVposed at opposite sides of said driven member,

and the spacing of the elements of the other pair member theball elements"alternatelyfride up l'and downthe'sides of said groove to exert an axial thrust on said `driven member kand to re- 8 "a firstset of ballelements interposedbetween one of said bearing-races and said plate;- a second set of ball elements vinterposed between the other of said bearing lraces andfsaid plate, said oneiace of said plate being fgrooved` to form an elliptic track symmetrical withrthe axis 'off said driven member andI having a major axiscorresponding to the diameter of the-path travelled by the ball -1 elements of sad'rst set .and a minor axis corre- 10' spending to the diameter of the path travelled by the ball elements of said second set, and a retainer for maintaining the spacing of saidball elements in the rotation of: said driven element.

7. A drill chip breaker comprising, in combination, drivingand driven members :supported in axial relation and -interconnected for rotation as meuntedinsaid casing with one face in opposed -relation to said bearing surface, said member having a-groove in said one face forming an ellipff l' `tie'track symmetrical with the axis of said driven 4'nf-iember, two pairs of ball elements interposed aunit and for relative axial movement; saidy driven member yhaving an inwardly facinglbearing f surface', a xedbearinglmember havingfone--face 3o disposedfinopposed relation tofsaid bearing surrface'said one face of said-member beingrformed with a shallow, noncircular. groove symmetrical V25 the spacing ofthe'elements of one pair correspending to the major axis of said elliptic track i with the rotationalaxis of said members and constituting a bearing track, 'a plurality -of groups of ball elements interposed betweensaid bearing surface and Said bearing member for cooperation with said trackto alternatelyprojectfand relieve vcorresponding Ito the minor axis of said elliptic track, and means for maintaining the ball elements in said spaced relation in the rotation of said driven member. 6. A drill chip breaker comprising, in combina- L tion, a casing, a driving member rotatably sup- L:ported in and `projecting from one end of the casing, a driven member rotatably supported in and-*projecting from' the other end of the casing, cooperating means on said members connecting them forrotation as a unit and permitting relative axial movement therebetween, a circumferential ange on said driven member defining inwardly facing concentric bearing racesv spaced --frp'osed in opposed relation to said bearing races,

apart axially of the vdriven member, a bearing plate mounted in said casing with one face disz-.Number VThe following-references' are ofV record in the -40 le of this patent: l

. UNITED ,STATES PATENTS Name irlDate 4:1,196,656 @Bugbee n n-Aug. 29,1916 12,412,211 .,.Eichelman. .Dec. 10; :1946 

